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Electric Water Heater Troubleshooting

What are the best ways to troubleshoot an electric water heater problem fast? What can go wrong, and what are the signs when certain electric water heater parts go bad? Check out this article to help you become an electric water heater troubleshooting pro.

A service request related to an electric water heater should begin with a good working understanding of how they are made and how they operate. Electric water heaters are similar to gas water heaters in many ways, but there are several key differences in what maintenance pros need to look for when troubleshooting electric water heaters.

Review this detailed breakdown of what an electric water heater looks like outside and inside the tank:

Electric Water Heater Diagram

Armed with the knowledge of what can go bad on an electric water heater, it’s time to take a look at which electric water heater parts to check and in what order. Follow these troubleshooting workflows and download the easy-to-follow to fix any electric water heater problem fast.

Electric Water Heater Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting an electric water heater begins by determining if the unit is getting enough power to heat the water. Be careful and work safely. Grab your multimeter. It’s time to troubleshoot!

No Hot Water Water Does Not Stay Hot

If there is no hot water, there may not be any or not enough power getting to the heating elements.

Is the breaker…

  • Tripped? Flip it back on.
  • Loose? Check to see why, then reattach.
  • Broken? Replace.

Is the water heater getting power?

  • Check connections, wiring, and switches.
  • Check the thermostat reset button.

If the breaker or thermostat is tripping, the issue may be one of the following:

  • Broken thermostat
  • Bad heating element
  • Bad reset switch

If the water heater is getting proper power, the issue may be with one of these:

  • Thermostat
  • Limit switch
  • Heating element

Use a multimeter to locate the problem part and replace.

If the water heater is getting power but the water is not staying hot, something is not working inside the heater.

Check the T&P valve:

  • Is it hot or was pressure recently discharged?
  • Sediment may be forcing the valve to stay open.

Next, check the thermostat and lower heating element:

  • Run diagnostics on the thermostat and element.
  • If those test out okay, there may be too much sediment in the bottom of the tank. If so, drain and flush the tank.

If the issue persists, it may be a broken dip tube:

  • There is no diagnostic test to check for this.
  • Drain the water heater.
  • Disconnect the cold water supply line.
  • Remove the dip tube and check it for damage.

Check out this article to test continuity and connectivity in an electric water heater.

For more tips, tricks, and product knowledge to help with all your plumbing needs, visit Product Knowledge: Plumbing

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